The SFHA is more precisely defined as the floodplain associated with a flood that has a 1–percent annual chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The Base Flood Elevation (BFE) is the water surface elevation associated with the 100–yr flood, and has a one-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any year. The Special Flood Hazard Area is the area known as the 100–year floodplain, or the area subject to flooding during the Base Flood. Flood Insurance Study (FIS) reports are produced as part of each flood hazard study and provide data not shown on the FIRMs. Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs- see Sample below) are the most common of the flood hazard maps. Specifically, the NFIP has produced a series of maps-Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM), Flood Hazard Boundary Maps (FHBM), and Flood Boundary and Floodway Maps (FBFM)-which depict Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA) and Base Flood Elevations (BFEs). The NFIP has mapped flood hazards in approximately 20,000 communities within the United States. Definitions and background for common flood hazard and mapping terms used below are available from FEMA. Through its Mitigation Division, FEMA manages the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
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